Chapter 90 — Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof

Nepal Customs Tariff 2026/27 import duty rates and 162 HS code lines for Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof (Section XVIII — Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; clocks and watches; musical instruments; parts and accessories thereof). Each code shows the general and SAARC customs duty; tap a code to open the full breakdown and landed-cost estimate.

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90.01 — Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables other than those of Heading 85.44; sheets and plates of polarising material; lenses (including contact lenses), prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, unmounted, other than such elements of glass not optically worked

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9001.10.00	Optical fibres, optical fibre bundles and cables	kg	5%	5%
9001.20.00	Sheets and plates of polarising material	kg	5%	5%
9001.30.10	Entraocular lenses	nos	30%	9.5%
9001.30.90	Contact lenses — Other Contact lenses	nos	5%	5%
9001.40.00	Spectacle lenses of glass	nos	5%	5%
9001.50.00	Spectacle lenses of other materials	nos	5%	5%
9001.90.00	Other	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.02 — Lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, mounted, being parts of or fittings for instruments or apparatus, other than such elements of glass not optically worked

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9002.11.00	For cameras, projectors or photographic enlargers or reducers	nos/kg	5%	5%
9002.19.00	Objective lenses — Other	nos/kg	5%	5%
9002.20.00	Filters	nos/kg	5%	5%
9002.90.00	Other	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.03 — Frames and mountings for spectacles, goggles or the like, and parts thereof

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9003.11.00	Of plastics	nos	10%	6%
9003.19.00	Of other materials	nos	10%	6%
9003.90.00	Parts	nos/kg	10%	6%

90.04 — Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective protective or other

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9004.10.00	Sunglasses	nos	15%	7.25%
9004.90.00	Other	nos	15%	7.25%

90.05 — Binoculars, monoculars, other optical telescopes, and mountings therefor; other astronomical instruments and mountings therefor, but not including instruments for radio-astronomy

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9005.10.00	Binoculars	nos	15%	7.25%
9005.80.00	Other instruments	nos	15%	7.25%
9005.90.00	Parts and accessories (including mountings)	nos/kg	15%	7.25%

90.06 — Photographic (other than cinematographic) cameras; photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than discharge lamps of Heading 85.39

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9006.30.00	Cameras specially designed for underwater use, for aerial survey or for medical or surgical examination of internal organs; comparison cameras for forensic or criminological purposes	nos	5%	5%
9006.40.00	Instant print cameras	nos	5%	5%
9006.53.00	For roll film of a width of 35 mm	nos	5%	5%
9006.59.00	Other cameras — Other	nos	5%	5%
9006.61.00	Discharge lamp ("electronic") flashlight apparatus	nos	5%	5%
9006.69.00	Photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs — Other	nos	5%	5%
9006.91.00	For cameras	nos/kg	5%	5%
9006.99.00	Parts and accessories — Other	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.07 — Cinematographic cameras and projectors, whether or not incorporating sound recording or reproducing apparatus

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9007.10.00	Cameras	nos	5%	5%
9007.20.00	Projectors	nos	10%	10%
9007.91.00	For cameras	nos/kg	5%	5%
9007.92.00	For projectors	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.08 — Image projectors, other than cinematographic; photographic (other than cinematographic) enlargers and reducers

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9008.50.00	Projectors, enlargers and reducers	nos	10%	10%
9008.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.10 — Apparatus and equipment for photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter; negatoscopes; projection screens

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9010.10.00	Apparatus and equipment for automatically developing photographic (including cinematographic) film or paper in rolls or for automatically exposing developed film to rolls of photographic paper	nos	10%	6%
9010.50.00	Other apparatus and equipment for photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories; negatoscopes	nos	10%	6%
9010.60.00	Projection screens	nos	10%	6%
9010.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	Free	Free

90.11 — Compound optical microscopes, including those for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9011.10.00	Stereoscopic microscopes	nos	Free	Free
9011.20.00	Other microscopes, for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection	nos	Free	Free
9011.80.00	Other microscopes	nos	5%	5%
9011.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	Free	Free

90.12 — Microscopes other than optical microscopes; diffraction apparatus

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9012.10.00	Microscopes other than optical microscopes; diffraction apparatus	nos	Free	Free
9012.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	Free	Free

90.13 — Lasers, other than laser diodes; other optical appliances and instruments, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9013.10.00	Telescopic sights for fittings to arms; periscopes; telescopes designed to form parts of machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of this Chapter or Section XVI	nos	5%	5%
9013.20.10	Laser pointers	nos	5%	5%
9013.20.90	Lasers, other than laser diodes — Other	nos	5%	5%
9013.80.00	Other devices, appliances and instruments	nos	5%	5%
9013.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.14 — Direction finding compasses; other navigational instruments and appliances

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9014.10.00	Direction finding compasses	nos	5%	5%
9014.20.00	Instruments and appliances for aeronautical or space navigation (other than compasses)	nos	5%	5%
9014.80.00	Other instruments and appliances	nos	5%	5%
9014.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.15 — Surveying (including photogrammetrical surveying), hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances, excluding compasses; rangefinders

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9015.10.00	Rangefinders	nos	5%	5%
9015.20.00	Theodolites and tachymeters (tacheometers)	nos	5%	5%
9015.30.00	Levels	nos	5%	5%
9015.40.00	Photogrammetrical surveying instruments and appliances	nos	5%	5%
9015.80.00	Other instruments and appliances	nos	5%	5%
9015.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.16 — Balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg or better, with or without weights

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9016.00.00	Balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg or better, with or without weights	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.17 — Drawing, marking-out or mathematical calculating instruments (for example, drafting machines, pantographs, protractors, drawing sets, slide rules, disc calculators); instruments for measuring length, for use in the hand (for example, measuring rods and tapes, micrometers, callipers),not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9017.10.00	Drafting tables and machines, whether or not automatic	nos	5%	5%
9017.20.00	Other drawing, marking-out or mathematical calculating instruments	nos	Free	Free
9017.30.00	Micrometers, callipers and gauges	nos	5%	5%
9017.80.00	Other instruments	nos	5%	5%
9017.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	Free	Free

90.18 — Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, including scintigraphic apparatus, other electro-medical apparatus and sight-testing instruments

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9018.11.00	Electro-cardiographs	nos	5%	5%
9018.12.00	Ultrasonic scanning apparatus	nos	5%	5%
9018.13.00	Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus	nos	5%	5%
9018.14.00	Scintigraphic apparatus	nos	5%	5%
9018.19.10	Pulse Oxymeter	nos	5%	5%
9018.19.20	ICU Monitor	nos	5%	5%
9018.19.90	Electro-diagnostic apparatus (including apparatus for functional exploratory examination or for checking physiological parameters) — Other	nos	5%	5%
9018.20.00	Ultra-violet or infra-red ray apparatus	nos/kg	5%	5%
9018.31.00	Syringes, with or without needles	nos	5%	5%
9018.32.00	Tubular metal needles and needles for sutures	nos/kg	5%	5%
9018.39.00	Syringes, needles, catheters, cannulae and the like — Other	nos	5%	5%
9018.41.00	Dental drill engines, whether or not combined on a single base with other dental equipment	nos/kg	5%	5%
9018.49.00	Other instruments and appliances, used in dental sciences — Other	nos	5%	5%
9018.50.00	Other ophthalmic instruments and appliances	nos/kg	5%	5%
9018.90.10	Stethoscope	nos	5%	5%
9018.90.20	Blood bag of plastic	nos	5%	5%
9018.90.30	PCR machine	nos	5%	5%
9018.90.90	Other instruments and appliances — Other	nos	5%	5%

90.19 — Mechano-therapy appliances; massage apparatus; psychological aptitude-testing apparatus; ozone therapy, oxygen therapy, aerosol therapy, artificial respiration or other therapeutic respiration apparatus

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9019.10.00	Mechano-therapy appliances; massage apparatus; psychological aptitude-testing apparatus	nos/kg	5%	5%
9019.20.10	Oxygen concentrator	nos/kg	5%	5%
9019.20.20	Oxygen Mask, Venturi mask, Ventilator mask, Reservoir mask	nos/kg	5%	5%
9019.20.30	Medical Ventilator	nos/kg	5%	5%
9019.20.40	Oxygen humidifier used in oxygen therapy	nos/kg	Free	Free
9019.20.50	Oxygen tent, oxygen headworks and similar equipments for the distribution of oxygen	nos/kg	5%	5%
9019.20.90	Ozone therapy, oxygen therapy, aerosol therapy, artificial respiration or other therapeutic respiration apparatus — Other	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.20 — Other breathing appliances and gas masks, excluding protective masks having neither mechanical parts nor replaceable filters

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9020.00.00	Other breathing appliances and gas masks, excluding protective masks having neither mechanical parts nor replaceable filters.	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.21 — Orthopaedic appliances, including crutches, surgical belts and trusses; splints and other fracture appliances; artificial parts of the body; hearing aids and other appliances which are worn or carried, or implanted in the body, to compensate for a defect or disability

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9021.10.00	Orthopaedic or fracture appliances	nos/kg	Free	Free
9021.21.00	Artificial teeth	nos/kg	5%	5%
9021.29.00	Artificial teeth and dental fittings — Other	nos/kg	5%	5%
9021.31.00	Artificial joints	nos/kg	Free	Free
9021.39.00	Other artificial parts of the body — Other	nos/kg	Free	Free
9021.40.00	Hearing aids, excluding parts and accessories	nos	Free	Free
9021.50.00	Pacemakers for stimulating heart muscles, excluding parts and accessories	nos	5%	5%
9021.90.10	Crutches	nos	Free	Free
9021.90.20	Parts of hearing aid	nos	Free	Free
9021.90.30	Valves and stents used in heart transplant	nos	Free	Free
9021.90.90	Other	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.22 — Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta, gamma or other ionising radiations, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, X-ray tubes and other X-ray generators, high tension generators, control panels and desks, screens, examination or treatment tables, chairs and the like

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9022.12.00	Computed tomography apparatus	nos	5%	5%
9022.13.00	Apparatus based on the use of X-rays, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus — Other, for dental uses	nos	5%	5%
9022.14.00	Apparatus based on the use of X-rays, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus — Other, for medical, surgical or veterinary uses	nos	5%	5%
9022.19.00	For other uses	nos	5%	5%
9022.21.00	For medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses	nos	5%	5%
9022.29.00	For other uses	nos	5%	5%
9022.30.00	X-ray tubes	nos	5%	5%
9022.90.00	Other, including parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.23 — Instruments, apparatus and models designed for demonstrational purposes (for example, in education or exhibitions), unsuitable for other uses

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9023.00.00	Instruments, apparatus and models designed for demonstrational purposes (for example, in education or exhibitions), unsuitable for other uses.	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.24 — Machines and appliances for testing the hardness, strength, compressibility, elasticity or other mechanical properties of materials (for example, metals, wood, textiles, paper, plastics)

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9024.10.00	Machines and appliances for testing metals	nos	5%	5%
9024.80.00	Other machines and appliances	nos	5%	5%
9024.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.25 — Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers, pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers and psychrometers, recording or not, and any combination of these instruments

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9025.11.00	Liquid-filled, for direct reading	nos	5%	5%
9025.19.10	Digital infra-red thermometer (Thermal Gun)	nos	5%	5%
9025.19.90	Thermometers and pyrometers, not combined with other instruments — Other	nos	5%	5%
9025.80.00	Other instruments	nos	5%	5%
9025.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.26 — Instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure or other variables of liquids or gases (for example, flow meters,level gauges, manometers, heat meters), excluding instruments and apparatus of Heading 90.14, 90.15, 90.28 or 90.32

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9026.10.00	For measuring or checking the flow or level of liquids	nos	Free	Free
9026.20.00	For measuring or checking pressure	nos	Free	Free
9026.80.10	Oxygen flow meter	nos	Free	Free
9026.80.90	Other instruments or apparatus — Other	nos	Free	Free
9026.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	Free	Free

90.27 — Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis (for example, polarimeters, refractometers, spectrometers, gas or smoke analysis apparatus); instrument and apparatus for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or the like; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking quantities of heat, sound or light (including exposure meters); microtomes

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9027.10.00	Gas or smoke analysis apparatus	nos	5%	5%
9027.20.00	Chromatographs and electrophoresis instruments	nos	Free	Free
9027.30.00	Spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR )	nos	5%	5%
9027.50.00	Other instruments and apparatus using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR)	nos	Free	Free
9027.81.00	Mass spectrometers	nos	5%	5%
9027.89.10	Analyzers including Hematology analyzer, blood chemistry analyzer, clinical chemistry analyzer, immuno-chemistry analyzer	nos	Free	Free
9027.89.90	Other instruments and apparatus — Other	nos	Free	Free
9027.90.10	Microtomes	nos	5%	5%
9027.90.90	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.28 — Gas, liquid or electricity supply or production meters, including calibrating meters therefor

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9028.10.00	Gas meters	nos	10%	6%
9028.20.00	Liquid meters	nos	10%	6%
9028.30.00	Electricity meters	nos	10%	6%
9028.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.29 — Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like; speed indicators and tachometers, other than those of Heading 90.14 or 90.15; stroboscopes

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9029.10.00	Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like	nos	10%	6%
9029.20.00	Speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes	nos	10%	6%
9029.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.30 — Oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers and other instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking electrical quantities, excluding meters of Heading 90.28; instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting alpha, beta, gamma, X-ray, cosmic or other ionising radiations

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9030.10.00	Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionising radiations	nos	5%	5%
9030.20.00	Oscilloscopes and oscillographs	nos	5%	5%
9030.31.00	Multimeters without a recording device	nos	5%	5%
9030.32.00	Multimeters with a recording device	nos	5%	5%
9030.33.00	Other instruments and apparatus, for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power (other than those for measuring or checking semiconductor wafers or devices) — Other, without a recording device	nos	5%	5%
9030.39.00	Other instruments and apparatus, for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power (other than those for measuring or checking semiconductor wafers or devices) — Other, with a recording device	nos	5%	5%
9030.40.00	Other instruments and apparatus, specially designed for telecommunications (for example, cross-talk meters, gain measuring instruments, distortion factor meters, psophometers)	nos	Free	Free
9030.82.00	For measuring or checking semiconductor wafers or devices (including integrated circuits)	nos	5%	5%
9030.84.00	Other instruments and apparatus — Other , with a recording device	nos	5%	5%
9030.89.00	Other instruments and apparatus — Other	nos	5%	5%
9030.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	Free	Free

90.31 — Measuring or checking instruments, appliances and machines, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter; profile projectors

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9031.10.00	Machines for balancing mechanical parts	nos	5%	5%
9031.20.00	Test benches	nos	5%	5%
9031.41.00	For inspecting semiconductor wafers or devices (including integrated circuits) or for inspecting photomasks or reticles used in manufacturing semiconductor devices (including integrated circuits)	nos	Free	Free
9031.49.00	Other optical instruments and appliances — Other	nos	5%	5%
9031.80.00	Other instruments, appliances and machines	nos	5%	5%
9031.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.32 — Automatic regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9032.10.00	Thermostats	nos	15%	7.25%
9032.20.00	Manostats	nos	15%	7.25%
9032.81.00	Hydraulic or pneumatic	nos	5%	5%
9032.89.00	Other instruments and apparatus — Other	nos	15%	7.25%
9032.90.00	Parts and accessories	nos/kg	5%	5%

90.33 — Parts and accessories (not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter) for machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of Chapter 90

HS code	Description	Unit	General duty	SAARC duty
9033.00.00	Parts and accessories (not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter) for machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of Chapter 90.	nos/kg	5%	5%

Chapter 90 legal notes

Notes. 1.- This Chapter does not cover : (a) Articles of a kind used in machines, appliances or for other technical uses, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 40.16), of leather or of composition leather (heading 42.05) or of textile material (heading 59.11); (b) Supporting belts or other support articles of textile material, whose intended effect on the organ to be supported or held derives solely from their elasticity (for example, maternity belts, thoracic support bandages, abdominal support bandages, supports for joints or muscles) (Section XI); (c) Refractory goods of heading 69.03; ceramic wares for laboratory, chemical or other technical uses, of heading 69.09; (d) Glass mirrors, not optically worked, of heading 70.09, or mirrors of base metal or of precious metal, not being optical elements (heading 83.06 or Chapter 71); (e) Goods of heading 70.07, 70.08, 70.11, 70.14, 70.15 or 70.17; (f) Parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39);however, articles specially designed for use exclusively in implants in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences are to be classified in heading 90.21; (g) Pumps incorporating measuring devices, of heading 84.13; weight-operated counting or checking machinery, or separately presented weights for balances (heading 84.23); lifting or handling machinery (headings 84.25 to 84.28); paper or paperboard cutting machines of all kinds (heading 84.41); fittings for adjusting work or tools on machine-tools or water-jet cutting machines, of heading 84.66, including fittings with optical devices for reading the scale (for example, “optical” dividing heads) but not those which are in themselves essentially optical instruments (for example, alignment telescopes); calculating machines (heading 84.70); valves or other appliances of heading 84.81; machines and apparatus (including apparatus for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials) of heading 84.86; (h) Searchlights or spotlights of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles (heading 85.12); portable electric lamps of heading 85.13; cinematographic sound recording, reproducing or re-recording apparatus (heading 85.19); sound-heads (heading 85.22); television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders (heading 85.25); radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus or radio remote control apparatus (heading 85.26); connectors for optical fibres, optical fibre bundles or cables (heading 85.36); numerical control apparatus of heading 85.37; sealed beam lamp units of heading 85.39; optical fibre cables of heading 85.44; (ij) Searchlights or spotlights of heading 94.05; (k) Articles of Chapter 95; (l) Monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles, of heading 96.20; (m) Capacity measures, which are to be classified according to their constituent material; or (n) Spools, reels or similar supports (which are to be classified according to their constituent material, for example, in heading 39.23 or Section XV). 2.- Subject to Note 1 above, parts and accessories for machines, apparatus, instruments or articles of this Chapter are to be classified according to the following rules : (a) Parts and accessories which are goods included in any of the headings of this Chapter or of Chapter 84, 85 or 91 (other than heading 84.87, 85.48 or 90.33) are in all cases to be classified in their respective headings; (b) Other parts and accessories, if suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of machine, instrument or apparatus, or with a number of machines, instruments or apparatus of the same heading (including a machine, instrument or apparatus of heading 90.10, 90.13 or 90.31) are to be classified with the machines, instruments or apparatus of that kind; (c) All other parts and accessories are to be classified in heading 90.33. 3.- The provisions of Notes 3 and 4 to Section XVI apply also to this Chapter. 4.- Heading 90.05 does not apply to telescopic sights for fitting to arms, periscopic telescopes for fitting to submarines or tanks, or to telescopes for machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of this Chapter or Section XVI; such telescopic sights and telescopes are to be classified in heading 90.13. 5.- Measuring or checking optical instruments, appliances or machines which, but for this Note, could be classified both in heading 90.13 and in heading 90.31 are to be classified in heading 90.31. 6.- For the purposes of heading 90.21, the expression “orthopaedic appliances” means appliances for : - Preventing or correcting bodily deformities; or - Supporting or holding parts of the body following an illness, operation or injury. Orthopaedic appliances include footwear and special insoles designed to correct orthopaedic conditions, provided that they are either (1) made to measure or (2) mass-produced, presented singly and not in pairs and designed to fit either foot equally. 7.- Heading 90.32 applies only to : (a) Instruments and apparatus for automatically controlling the flow, level, pressure or other variables of liquids or gases, or for automatically controlling temperature, whether or not their operation depends on an electrical phenomenon which varies according to the factor to be automatically controlled, which are designed to bring this factor to, and maintain it at, a desired value, stabilised against disturbances, by constantly or periodically measuring its actual value; and (b) Automatic regulators of electrical quantities, and instruments or apparatus for automatically controlling non-electrical quantities the operation of which depends on an electrical phenomenon varying according to the factor to be controlled, which are designed to bring this factor to, and maintain it at, a desired value, stabilised against disturbances, by constantly or periodically measuring its actual value.

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